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the name

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free software

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is the first battle in the liberation of
cyberspace

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who controls your computer is it you

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or is it some big company that's really

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controlling it well what is a computer

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a computer is a universal machine

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it will do any computation you wanted to

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because you give it a program that says
what the computation is that you want

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so the computer only knows how to get
out in instruction and do it

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and get at another instruction and do it
the program has the instructions

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it says what to do and show you

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by writing the right program you can
make it do it anything

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well almost anything um so who gives
instructions to your computer

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you might think it's obeying your
instructions

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when really it's all being somebody else
first

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and you only as much as that company
wants it to

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will let it listen to. with software
there are two possibilities either the

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user's control the program

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weather program controls the user's it's
inevitably one or the other

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so in order for the users to control the
program they need the four

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essential freedoms and

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that's the definition up free software
free software respects the users freedom

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and community

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now we often call at me bro using the
French or Spanish word pronounced as you

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like to point is

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that's what we mean we don't mean it's
grad is we're not talking about price

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we're concerned with your freedom and we
sometimes say free slash the British

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show that

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so freedoms euros the freedom to run the
program as you wish

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for whatever purpose freedom 1 is the
freedom to study the source code to the

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program

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and change it so it does the computing
you wanted to do

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but what is the source Caldwell every
program typically will have two forms

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there's the form that you can read and

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you can understand if you know the
programming language that's the source

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that's what programmers write and change
then there's the execute a bill which is

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a bunch of numbers

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which even a programmer can figure out
if all you get is the executors ball

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it's a horrible pain in the neck to
figure out what it does

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and even harder to change it soul to
give you the real possibility to study

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and change it

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they've gotta give you the source code
that's a requirement

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well with those two freedoms each user's
separately

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can make a copy and start changing it
and make it do what she wants

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that's individual control but

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what if you're not a programmer you look
at the source code in you don't

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understand it

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individual control isn't enough

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we also need collective control which
means any group I've users are free to

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work together

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to adapt the program to what they want
of course

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in the group some other programmers
they're the ones who actually write the

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changes

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but they're doing it is part of the
group for what the group wants

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course the group doesn't have to be
everybody so others can use it

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some other way they're all free to do
that so

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collective control requires two more
essential freedoms

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freedom to is the freedom to
redistribute exact copies

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to make the copies and then give them
away or sell them when you wish

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and freedom three is some more but it's
for your modified versions

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you're free to make copies and give them
or sell them when you wish

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so we do have these freedoms that it's
free software the user's control the

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program

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but if any those freedoms is missing
then the user's

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don't control the program instead the
program controls the user's

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and that developer controls the program

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so that means this program is in
instrument

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love unjust power for its developer

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over the user's that means the users
don't have freedom

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that's non-free proprietary software
which we got to get rid of

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well when you got proprietary software
what happens

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sometimes the program snoops on the user

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sometimes it tracks the user

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sometimes it restricts the user and stop
users from doing

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what they want to do you can see that
the Blu ray is your enemy

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um sometimes the software remotely
delete spokes as

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Amazon did with 1984 but

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sometimes the developer

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come payrolls users to install a harmful

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upgrade by threatening to take away
other functionality

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if it's not installed as so needed

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and sometimes they can even forcibly
change the software

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at a distance as Microsoft can with
Windows through the universal backdoor

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un so sometimes they even sabotage users

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as Microsoft does when it tells the NSA

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about bugs in Windows so we can use him
to attack people's computers

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well what you get is basically with
proprietary software

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the owner has power over the user's

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and takes advantage of this power
putting in those various

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malicious functionalities to hurt the
user's

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of course they don't do this because
they're sadists they're doing it just

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for money for greed

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they have various ways that they can
profit

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from having this power over users which

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does not make it even the tiniest bit
less

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evil but they have no shame about it

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they have conferences where they talk
about the latest ways they can take

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advantage have users

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through the power they have are
basically proprietary software

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which in is now from almost all the uses
a proprietary software they're using

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proprietary malware its software for
suckers

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so how US how do you stop being the
victim

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formally you have to stop using
computers but not anymore

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now you can come join us in the free
world that we've built

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but in 1983 I can nounced I would
develop

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a complete the Free Software operating
system called to do

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in 1992 we headed almost finished

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but one piece was missing the kernel
leanest war files in that year

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freed his Kernel linux which filled the
last gap

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and gave us the first complete system
you could run on a PC could do plus

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Linux

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so unfortunately having freedom that one
more point doesn't guarantee you'll keep

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it

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there are over a thousand different
variants love

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ghetto slash the toxic all distributions
of you with them

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are entirely free software most to them
have non free software aidid

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cause they're maintained by people who
aren't concerned about freedom

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they'd rather aid convenience by at the
cost of freedom

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so you have to check which is a free
distro

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to keep your freedom sometimes requires
a sacrifice sometimes a big sacrifice

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as at Lexington sometimes but but in art

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campaign they tend to be little
sacrifices

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anybody with a little bit of maturity
can make the sacrifices

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for instance you want applications but
some other burn on Fri

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she want freedom you got it do without
them so there may be

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some inconveniences you have to suffer
for your freedom sake

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then many web sites send non-free

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programs written in JavaScript to the
user's browser

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she don't want to run on free programs
you should install

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Libra JS which blocks keeps out non-free
JavaScript

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and sometimes servers will offer to do
your computing they say

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send us all your data obviously for
suckers

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then the server does the computing and
sends you back to results

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but you're not supposed to think about
what's happening cuz it's %uh cloud

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and you don't see what's going on well
you should look

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its software as as service as a software
substitute

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and it takes away control love your
computing

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so a large fraction of the worlds web
servers are running get to slash Linux

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and other free software

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but I think the most important computers
to put freedom in

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are your computer's not company's web
servers

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they deserve freedom also but above all
it's people that deserve freedom

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so oh we need to advance and to do that

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we have to cross obstacles one of them
is

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they're a big companies that make a lot
of money by having control over users

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and they don't wanna let us advance we
have to

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overcome their opposition another is
that the make mainstream media don't

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talk about free software

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they have a term that they use to bury

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these ethical issues they say open
source

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instead now it talks about more or less
the same programs

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but with different ideas we're free
software activists say

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this is a matter of right and wrong uses
deserve freedom we demand freedom

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the people who say open source they
don't want to say that so instead they

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say

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let the users change the software
redistributed

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and they'll make the cold better they'll
fix some bugs

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it may be true but it's a less important
issue if we want to keep our freedom we

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gotta talk about freedom

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so say free software on your helping us
every time

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another obstacle was at lots of schools
teach non free software

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which is basically like teaching the
kids to smoke tobacco

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its implanting dependence which is the
opposite of what school should do

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a school should prepare citizens to live

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in a strong capable independence
cooperating

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and free society which means teaching
free software

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in a school but there's another reason
to do that for education

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some kids want to become programmers
they're curious

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they wanna know how the programs work
well the 10 studying a free software can

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understand it

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the one who is studying a non-free
program can't learn anything

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because the knowledge in the non-free
program

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is withheld denied to the students

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so to uphold the spirited education the
school should make sure its programs are

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free

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but there's an even more important
reason schools should teach the spirit

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of goodwill

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the habit of helping other people sold
the class should say

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if you bring a program to class just as
if you bring cookies to class

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you gotta share it with everyone else
can keep it to yourself

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he got a share the source code so other
people can learn

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so don't bring any proprietary software
to this class

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the school has to set a good example by
following its own rule

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should bring only free software to class
except

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as a reverse engineering exercise

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another obstacle is there's hardware we
don't know how to write free software 4

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because they won't tell us how to use
the hardware that shocking they've

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wanna sell you the product and they
won't tell you how to use it

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they say here's a non-free program you
can use

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run it and shut up don't bother us

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well how do we find out how to run their
hardware with reverse engineering

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you gotta study all those zeros and ones
to figure out what they

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really do and write down how to use that
hardware

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to someone else can write a free program
to do it

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it's hard work but it can be done if you
wanna make a big technical contribution

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that's what you should do each new area

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activity of life can bring with it new
human rights

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that are necessary and the human rights
depend on each other

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if you lose one it becomes harder to
maintain the others

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so nowadays computing is so important in
society

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that the freedoms a free software are
among the human rights

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that society must establish and protect

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thus how to help well you can write free
software

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you can organize trips to campaign and

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persuade schools and governments to move
to free software

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you can help other people when they have
trouble using free software

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or help them install it you can say a
free software and spread the

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philosophical ideas

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moving to free software is the first
step in the liberation of cyberspace

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but of course we also use the internet
we need other freedoms air

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like network neutrality and putting and
and

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to surveillance of people in general

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three