"Free Software, Free Society" “自由软件，自由社会”
Free software is the first battle 自由软件
in the liberation of cyberspace 是网络空间解放的第一战
Who controls your computer? You? 谁控制你的计算机？ 你？
Or is it some great company 还是一些大公司
who actually controls it? 谁真正控制了它？
Well, what is a computer? 那么，什么是计算机？
A computer is a universal machine. 计算机是通用机器。
It performs any processing you want, 它执行你想要的任何处理，
because you provide him with a program that says 因为你提供给他一个程序，说
what processing you want to do. 你想做什么处理。
So the computer just knows 所以计算机只知道
how to retrieve a command and execute it, 如何检索命令并执行它，
and retrieve another command and execute it, and so on. 然后检索另一个命令并执行它，依此类推。
The program has the commands. 程序具有指令。
He tells you what to do. 他告诉你该怎么做。
So ... writing the correct program 所以...编写正确的程序
you can do anything. 你可以做任何事情。
Well, almost anything. 好吧，几乎任何事情。
So, who gives the commands to your computer? 那么，谁将指令提供给你的计算机？
You may think that he is obeying your commands, 你可能以为他在听从你的命令，
when in fact he is obeying 而事实上，
other people first, 他首先服从别人，
and obeying you just how much 然后服从你多少
the company wants me to obey you... 公司希望我服从你...
... or how much the company wants him to hear you. ......或者公司要他听你多少。
There are two possibilities for the software: 软件有两种可能性：
or users control the program 要么用户控制程序
or the program controls users. 要么程序控制用户。
It is inevitable that one or the other will happen. 不可避免地会发生一个或另一个。
So, for users to 所以，对于用户来说
can control the program, 可以控制程序，
they need four essential freedoms. 他们需要四个基本的自由。
And this is the definition of free software. 这就是自由软件的定义。
Free software respects 自由软件方面
freedom and the community of users. 自由和用户社区。
We usually call it "libre", 我们通常称其为“libre”，
using the French or Spanish word 使用法语或西班牙语单词
---- pronounce as you like. The question is, ---- 发音随你便。问题是，
what we want to say; 我们想说的是什么；
we don't want to say it's free. 我们不想说它是免费的。
We are not talking about price; 我们不是在谈论价格；
we are concerned about your freedom. 我们关心的是你的自由。
And we sometimes say free/libre to mean that. 我们有时会说free/libre就是这个意思。
So Freedom 0 is freedom 所以自由之零的自由
to run the program whenever you want, 随时运行程序，
whatever the purpose. 不管目的。
Freedom 1 is freedoms 自由之一的自由
that allows you to study the source code of the program 可以让你可以研究程序的源代码
and change it so you can perform 并更改它，以便你可以执行
the processing you want. 你想要的处理。
But what is the source code? 但是，什么是源代码？
Well, every program typically 好吧，每个程序通常
is in one of two possible formats: 具有以下两种可能的格式之一：
there is the format you can read 有你可以阅读的格式
and you can understand 而且可以理解
if you know the programming language 如果你知道编程语言
-- this is the source code, -- 这是源代码，
this is what programmers write and change -- 这就是程序员编写和更改（的内容） --
and there is the executable, 并且还有可执行文件
which is a lot of numbers, 有很多数字，
that not even a programmer can understand. 甚至连程序员都无法理解。
If all you have is the executable, 如果你只有可执行文件，
it will be a big problem 这将是一个大问题
understand what the program does, 了解程序的作用，
and an even more difficult problem to change it. 甚至更难解决的问题。
So, so that you have the real possibility 所以，这样您才有真正的可能
to study and change it, 去研究和改变它，
you need to make the source code available. 您需要使源代码可获得。
This is a fundamental requirement. 这是一个基本要求
Well, with these two freedoms, 好吧，有了这两个自由，
each user individually 每个用户
you can make a copy and start changing it, 都可以单独制作一份副本并开始进行更改，
for him to do what he wants. 让他做他想做的。
This is an individual freedom. 这是个人自由。
But, what if you are not a programmer? 但是，如果您不是程序员怎么办？
You look at the source code 你看源代码
and can't understand it. 却无法理解它。
Individual freedom is not enough; 个人自由是不够的；
we also need collective freedom, 我们还需要集体自由，
what does it mean 这是什么意思
that any user group 任何用户组
are free to work together 可以自由地工作在一起
to adapt the program to what they want. 使程序适应他们的需求。
Of course, no group, 当然，没有团体
some are programmers, 有些是程序员，
are the ones that really go 是真正去
write changes, 编写更改的人
but they will be doing this as part of the group 但他们将作为小组的一部分
to meet what the group wants. 满足团队的需求。
Of course, groups may not have everyone; 当然，群体可能没有所有人;
and some may use it in some other way; 有些人可能会以其他方式使用它；
they are all free to do as they please. 他们都可以随意做。
So, this collective freedom requires 因此，这种集体自由需要
two more essential freedoms: 另外两个基本自由：
Freedom 2 is freedom 自由之二的自由
to redistribute exact copies 重新发布精确副本
--- make copies and distribute them --- 复制并分发
or sell them whenever you want. 或者（在你想要的时候）随时出售他们。
And Freedom 3 is similar 自由之三与之类似
but it is applied in the modified versions: 但适用于修改后的版本：
you are free to make copies 您可以根据需要
and distribute or sell them 自由制作副本
when you want. 并进行分发或出售。
So, if we have these freedoms, 所以，如果我们有这些自由，
so it's free software: 它便是自由软件：
users control the program. 用户控制程序。
But if any of those freedoms are missing, 但是，如果其中任何一种自由缺失，
so users don’t control the program, 这样用户就无法控制程序，
rather, the program controls users, 而是由程序控制用户，
and the developer controls the program. 由开发人员控制程序。
This means that the program is 这意味着该程序是
an instrument of unjust power, 一种不公正的力量的工具，
developer power over users. 开发者对用户的控制权。
This means that users have no freedom. 这意味着用户没有自由。
It's proprietary, non-free software, 它是专有的，非自由的软件，
that we have to eliminate. 我们必须消灭。
Well, when you have 好吧，当你拥有
proprietary software, what happens? 专有软件，会发生什么？
Sometimes the program collects information about the user, 有时程序会收集有关用户的信息，
sometimes it tracks the user, 有时它会跟踪用户，
sometimes it restricts the user 有时会限制用户
--- prevents users from doing what they want to do. --- 阻止用户执行他们想做的事情。
You can see that the Blue Ray is your enemy. (pun on the name of the optical media) 你可以看到，蓝光（光盘）是你的敌人。 （以光学媒体名称为准）
Sometimes the software erases books remotely, 有时，软件会远程擦除书籍，
like Amazon did with 1984. 就像亚马逊对《1984》所做的那样。
Uh, sometimes the developer 嗯，有时候是开发商
forces the user to install a harmful update, 强制用户安装有害更新，
threatening to remove some other functionality 威胁要删除一些其他功能
if not installed, as Sony did. 如果没有安装，如Sony那样。
And sometimes they can even 有时他们甚至可以
force a change to the software 远程强制对软件
remotely, 进行更改，
how Microsoft can do with Windows, Microsoft如何通过
through the universal backdoor ("back door"). 通用后门（“Back Doors”）使用Windows。
So sometimes they even sabotage users, 所以有时候他们甚至摧残用户，
how Microsoft does when it informs the NSA Microsoft通知NSA
about defects in Windows, 有关Windows中的缺陷时的处理方式，
so that she can use them 这样她就可以使用它们
to attack people's computers. 去攻击人们的计算机。
Well, what you have, basically, 好吧，基本上你拥有的是，
with proprietary software, 使用专有软件，
the owner has power over users, 所有者拥有控制用户的权力，
and takes advantage of this power, 并利用这种力量，
inserting these various malicious features, 插入这些各种恶意功能，
to reach users. 去吸引用户。
Of course they don't do that 当然，他们不那样做
because they are sadists; 是因为他们是虐待狂；
they do it just for money. 他们只是为了钱而做。
They have several ways to be able to profit 他们有几种方法
from this power over users, 可以从对用户的控制权中获利，
which does not make them 这并没有使他们的邪恶
any less evil. 有任何减少。
But they have no shame about it: 但是他们对此并不感到羞耻：
they have conferences where they talk about 他们在会议上讨论了
the most modern ways to take advantage of users 最现代的方式来利用
through the power they have. 用户拥有的功能来利用用户。
Basically, proprietary software ... 基本上，专有软件 ……
...
almost all users of proprietary software, 几乎所有专有软件的用户，
are using proprietary malware; 都在使用专有的恶意软件；
is software for "fools" (easily deceived people) 是用于“愚弄”的软件（容易受骗的人）
So how do you stop being a victim? 那么，如何停止成为受害者呢？
In the old days, you would have to stop using computers, 在从前，您将不得不停止使用计算机，
today no more. 今天不再是（这样了）。
Now you can join us in a free world 现在，您可以加入我们
that we built. 建立的自由世界。
In 1983, I announced that I would develop 在1983年，我宣布我将开发一个
a complete, free operating system, 完整的，自由操作系统，
called GNU. 叫做 GNU。
In 1992, it was almost ready 在1992年，它几乎准备就绪，
but one piece, the kernel, was missing. 但是缺少一颗内核。
That year, Linus Torvalds 那年，林纳斯·托瓦兹
released its Linux kernel, 发布了Linux内核，
filling the last gap and giving us 填补了最后的空白，为我们提供了
the first complete system 您可以在PC上使用的
that you could use on a PC, 第一个完整系统，
GNU plus Linux. GNU 加上 Linux。
Unfortunately, 不幸的是，
having freedom at one point 一时拥有自由
does not guarantee that you will keep it. 并不能保证您会保持自由。
There are over thousands of different GNU/Linux有数千种
variants of GNU / Linux; 不同的变体。
they are called "distributions". 它们被称为“发行版”。
Few of them are entirely free software; 其中很少有完全自由的软件。
most of them contain non-free software 其中大多数包含非自由软件，
because they are maintained by people 因为它们
who are not concerned with freedom. 由不关心自由的人维护。
They add things looking for ease... 他们添加一些东西来寻求方便...
at the cost of freedom. 以自由为代价。
So, you should check, which one is a free distro. 所以，您应该检查一下，哪个是自由发行版。
Maintaining your freedom sometimes requires sacrifice, 维护你的自由，有时需要牺牲，
sometimes a great sacrifice, 有些时候是很大的牺牲，
as in Lexington. (beginning of the struggle for US independence) 如列克星敦。 （开始争取美国独立的斗争）
Sometimes ... but in our campaign, 有些时候 ... 但是在我们的运动中，
they tend to be small sacrifices: 他们往往是小的牺牲：
anyone with a little maturity 任何有一点成熟的人
can make these sacrifices. 都可以做出这些牺牲。
For example, you want applications, 例如，您需要应用程序，
but some of them are not free: 但其中一些不是自由的：
if you want freedom, 如果你想要自由，
you need to get by without them. 你需要离开它们。
There will be some drawbacks 为了捍卫
that you will suffer 自己的自由，
to defend your freedom. 你会遇到一些不便。
Several Web Sites send non-free programs, 许多网站发送非自由程序，
written in Javascript, for the user's browser; 用JavaScript语言编写，供用户浏览器使用；
if you don't want to run non-free programs, 如果您不想运行非自由程序，
you must install LibreJS, 你必须安装LibreJS，
which blocks, keeps out, non-free Javascript. 阻挡了非自由的JavaScript。
And sometimes servers 有时服务器
offer to perform their processing; 会提供进行处理的功能；
they say, "send us all your data" 他们说：“将你的所有数据发送给我们”
--- obviously for "fools" --- --- 显然是为了“愚弄” ---
and then the server performs the processing 然后服务器执行处理
and sends back the results, 并发送回结果，
but you are not expected to 但是您不应该考虑
think about what is happening, 正在发生的事情，
"because it's the cloud!" “因为它是云！”
and you don't see what's going on. 而且您不能看到发生了什么。
Well, you should see! 好吧，你应该看到！
It is software like ... 它是像...的软件
It is a Service as a Software Replacement 它是“替代软件的服务”
and it takes away your control over its processing. 它使您无法控制其处理。
So, most of the world’s web servers 因此，世界上大多数Web服务器
are running GNU / Linux or some other free software, 都在运行GNU / Linux或其他一些自由软件，
but I think that the most important computers 但是我认为
to put freedom 释放自由的最重要的计算机
are YOUR computers, 是您的计算机，
not the companies' web servers. 而不是公司的Web服务器。
They need freedom too, 他们也需要自由，
but above all, 但是重要的是，
are the people who need freedom. 是需要自由的人。
So we need to move forward, 所以我们需要前进，
and to do that, we 为此，我们
need to cross some obstacles: 需要克服一些障碍：
One is that 一是，
there are big companies 有些大公司
that make a lot of money 通过这种对用户的控制
through this control over users, 赚了很多钱，
and they don't want to let us go. 他们不想让我们前进。
We have to overcome their opposition. 我们必须克服他们的反对。
Another is that the mainstream media 另一个是主流媒体
does not talk about free software; 不谈论自由软件。
they have a term, they use 他们有一个术语，
to hide these ethical issues: 用来掩盖这些道德问题：
they speak, alternatively, in "open source". 他们说，或者，用“开源”（表达）
They talk, more or less, about 他们或多或少谈论
the same programs, 同样的软件，
but with different ideas. 但是却有着不同的理念。
Where free software activists speak, 在自由软件活动家讲话的地方，
"This is a question of right and wrong; “这是对与错的问题；
users need freedom, 用户们需要自由
we need freedom, " 我们需要自由”
people who say "open source", 说“开源”的人，
they don't want to talk about it. 他们不想要去谈论它。
Instead, they talk, 反而，他们说，
Let users modify the software and redistribute it “让用户修改软件并重新分发
and they will make the code better, 他们会让代码更好，
they will fix some defects. " 他们将会修复一些缺陷。”
It may be true, but it is a minor issue. 这可能是事实，但这是一个小问题。
If we want to maintain our freedom, 如果我们想要去保持我们的自由，
we have to talk about our freedom, 我们必须谈论我们的自由，
so say "free software" 所以，说“自由软件”
and you're always helping us. 那么您就是一直在帮助我们。
Another obstacle is that many schools 另一个障碍是，很多学校
teach non-free software, 教授非自由软件，
what is basically how to teach children 这基本上就是教孩子们
smoking cigarettes. 抽烟的方法。
It is to implant dependency, 这是植入依赖性，
which is the opposite of what schools should do. 这与学校应该做的相反。
A school must prepare citizens to live 学校必须培养公民生活在一个
in a strong, capable, independent society, 强大、有能力、独立的社会中。
cooperative and free, 合作和自由，
and that means teaching free software in schools. 这意味着在学校教授自由软件。
But there is another reason for doing this: 但是这样做还有另外一个原因：
for education. 为了教育。
Some kids want to become programmers, 有些孩子想成为程序员，
they are curious, 他们很好奇，
they want to know how the programs work. 他们想要去懂得程序如何工作。
Well, the one who studies using free software 好吧，那个使用自由软件学习的人
can understand the software; 可以理解软件；
one who studies a non-free program 一个学习非自由程序的人
can't learn anything, 什么都学不到，
because the knowledge in the non-free program 因为非自由程序中的知识
it is hidden, 是隐藏的，
prohibited for students. 对学生是禁止的。
So, to defend the spirit of education, 因此，为了捍卫教育精神，
the school must ensure that its programs are free. 学校必须确保其程序是自由的。
But there is an even more important reason: 但是，还有一个更重要的原因：
schools should teach the spirit of goodwill, 学校应该教导善意的精神，
the habit of helping other people. 帮助别人的习惯。
So the class should say, 所以课堂上应该说，
"If you bring a program to use in class, “如果你带了一个程序在课堂上使用，
such as if you bring cookies to the class, 例如，如果您将曲奇带到课堂上，
you will have to share it with everyone; 你将必须去与所有人分享它
you cannot keep it just for yourself; 你不应该仅仅为你自己保留它；
you must share the source code, 你必须分享（这个程序的）源代码，
so that other people can learn. 以便于其他人可以学习。
So, don't bring any 所以，不要将任何
proprietary software for this class. " 专有软件带进这个班级。”
The school has to set a good example 学校必须树立好榜样
following your own rule; 遵循自己的规则；
you should only bring free software to the class, 你只能携带自由软件到课堂上，
except as an exercise in reverse engineering. 除非是练习逆向工程。
Another obstacle is that there is hardware 另一个障碍是，有些硬件
that we don't know how to write software for it, 我们不知道该如何为它编写软件，
because they don't tell us how to use the hardware. 因为他们没有告诉我们如何使用这种硬件。
This is absurd! 这太荒谬了！
They want to sell you the product, 他们想要向您出售产品，
and they don't mean how you can use it. 但并不意味着你可以怎样使用它。
They say, "Here is a non-free program, 他们说，“这是一个非自由的程序，
run it and shut up, don't bother us. " 运行它，然后闭嘴，不要烦我们。”
Well, how do we know 那么，我们如何知道
how to use that hardware? 如何使用硬件？
With reverse engineering. 进行逆向工程。
You should study all those 0's and 1's 你应该研究所有的那些0和1
to understand what they really do 以了解它们的实际作用
and describe how to use that hardware 并说明如何使用硬件
so that someone else can write 以便于其他人可以编写
a free program that works with it. 一个与之兼容的自由程序。
It is difficult work, but it can be done. 这是一项艰巨的工作，但它是可以做到的。
If you want to make 如果您想做出
a big technical contribution, 重大的技术贡献，
this is what you should do. 这就是你应该做的。
Each new area, 生活活动的
of life activity, 每个新领域，
it brings with it new human rights 它带来了
that are needed. 需要的新人权。
And human rights depend on each other: 人权相互依赖：
if you lose one, it becomes harder 如果你失去了一个，保持其他人（的人权）
to keep the others. 将会更难。
So, nowadays, computing is so important in society 所以，如今， 计算在社会中是如此重要
that the freedoms of free software 以至于自由软件的自由
are among human rights 是社会
that society must establish and protect. 必须建立和保护的人权之一。
So, how to help? 那么，如何提供帮助？
Well, you can write free software. 好的，你可以编写自由软件。
You can organize groups 你可以组织团体
to campaign and persuade schools and governments 并宣传和说服学校和政府
to migrate to free software. 迁移到自由软件。
You can help other people 当其他人遇到问题时，
when they have a problem using free software. 您可以使用自由软件软件来帮助他们。
Or you can help them with the installation. 或者，您可以帮助他们进行安装。
You can say "free software" 您可以说“自由软件”
and spread the philosophical ideas. 并传播哲学思想。
Migrating to free software is the first step 迁移到自由软件
in liberating cyberspace. 是解放网络空间的第一步。
But, of course, we also use the Internet; 但是，当然，我们也使用Internet。
we need other freedoms there, 我们在那里需要其他自由，
such as network neutrality 例如网络中立
and putting an end to the surveillance 并且终止
of people in general. 对普通人的监视。